Erratum: Differential immune mechanism to HIV-1 Tat variants and its regulation by AEA

1Differential immune mechanism to HIV-1 Tat variants and its regulation by AEA

Impact of Genetic Variations in HIV-1 Tat on LTR-Mediated Transcription via TAR RNA Interaction

HIV-1 evades host defense through mutations and recombination events, generating numerous variants in an infected patient. These variants with an undiminished virulence can multiply rapidly in order to progress to AIDS. One of the targets to intervene in HIV-1 replication is the trans-activator of transcription (Tat), a major regulatory protein that transactivates the long terminal repeat promo...

Effect on HIV-1 Gene Expression, Tat-Vpr Interaction and Cell Apoptosis by Natural Variants of HIV-1 Tat Exon 1 and Vpr from Northern India

BACKGROUND Since HIV-1 Tat and Vpr genes are involved in promoter transactivation, apoptosis, etc, we carried out studies to find out nature and extent of natural variation in the two genes from seropositive patients from Northern India and determined their functional implications. METHODS HIV-1 tat exon 1 and vpr were amplified from the genomic DNA isolated from the blood of HIV-1 infected i...

Characterization of Immune Responses Induced by Combined Clade-A HIV-1 Recombinant Adenovectors in Mice

Background: Numerous evidences indicate that in some HIV-1 positive patients, the humoral and cellular immune responses are induced against HIV-1 proteins and this is inversely related to the progress of infection. Objective: The aim of this study was the evaluation of the Adenovectors containing HIV genes in induction of immune responses in mice. Methods: The HIV-1 genes including gag p24, rev...

Endocannabinoids exert CB1 receptor-mediated neuroprotective effects in models of neuronal damage induced by HIV-1 Tat protein

In the era of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is considered a chronic disease that specifically targets the brain and causes HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Endocannabinoids (eCBs) elicit neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory actions in several central nervous system (CNS) disease models, but their effects in HAND remain unkn...